[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":646},["ShallowReactive",2],{"stoic-author-seneca":3,"stoic-editions-work-letters":68,"stoic-sections-work-208":82,"stoic-content-664-2785":575,"stoic-section-topics-2785":583},{"id":4,"name":5,"shortName":6,"urlSlug":7,"birthYear":8,"deathYear":9,"nationality":10,"summary":11,"moreInfoUrl":12,"works":13},208,"Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger","Seneca","seneca",-4,65,"ES","Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger",[14,19,24,28,31,35,39,43,47,51,56,60,64],{"id":15,"name":16,"urlSlug":17,"editionCount":18},195,"On Benefits","on-benefits",3,{"id":20,"name":21,"urlSlug":22,"editionCount":23},199,"On the Happy Life","on-the-happy-life",1,{"id":25,"name":26,"urlSlug":27,"editionCount":23},201,"On the Firmness of a Wise Man","on-the-firmness-of-a-wise-man",{"id":4,"name":29,"urlSlug":30,"editionCount":23},"Moral Letters to Lucilius","letters",{"id":32,"name":33,"urlSlug":34,"editionCount":23},205,"On Consolation - To Helvia","on-consolation-to-helvia",{"id":36,"name":37,"urlSlug":38,"editionCount":23},204,"On Consolation - To Marcia","on-consolation-to-marcia",{"id":40,"name":41,"urlSlug":42,"editionCount":23},206,"On Leisure","on-leisure",{"id":44,"name":45,"urlSlug":46,"editionCount":23},200,"On Peace of Mind","on-peace-of-mind",{"id":48,"name":49,"urlSlug":50,"editionCount":23},203,"On Consolation - To Polybius","on-consolation-to-polybius",{"id":52,"name":53,"urlSlug":54,"editionCount":55},202,"On the Shortness of Life","on-the-shortness-of-life",2,{"id":57,"name":58,"urlSlug":59,"editionCount":23},198,"On Clemency","on-clemency",{"id":61,"name":62,"urlSlug":63,"editionCount":23},197,"On Anger","on-anger",{"id":65,"name":66,"urlSlug":67,"editionCount":23},196,"On Providence","on-providence",[69],{"id":70,"name":71,"year":72,"language":73,"publication":74,"publicationCountry":75,"author":76,"work":81},664,"Moral letters to Lucilius","1925","eng",null,"US",{"id":77,"name":78,"shortName":74,"urlSlug":79,"deathYear":80},224,"Richard Mott Gummere","gummere",1969,{"id":4,"name":29,"urlSlug":30},[83,86,89,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,144,148,152,156,160,164,168,172,176,180,184,188,192,196,200,204,208,212,216,220,224,228,232,236,240,244,248,252,256,260,264,268,272,276,280,284,288,292,296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,339,343,347,351,355,359,363,367,371,375,379,383,387,391,395,399,403,407,411,415,419,423,427,431,435,439,443,447,451,455,459,463,467,471,475,479,483,487,491,495,499,503,507,511,515,519,523,527,531,535,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567,571],{"id":84,"label":85,"sortOrder":23},2725,"1",{"id":87,"label":88,"sortOrder":55},2726,"2",{"id":90,"label":91,"sortOrder":18},2727,"3",{"id":93,"label":94,"sortOrder":95},2728,"4",4,{"id":97,"label":98,"sortOrder":99},2729,"5",5,{"id":101,"label":102,"sortOrder":103},2730,"6",6,{"id":105,"label":106,"sortOrder":107},2731,"7",7,{"id":109,"label":110,"sortOrder":111},2732,"8",8,{"id":113,"label":114,"sortOrder":115},2733,"9",9,{"id":117,"label":118,"sortOrder":119},2734,"10",10,{"id":121,"label":122,"sortOrder":123},2735,"11",11,{"id":125,"label":126,"sortOrder":127},2736,"12",12,{"id":129,"label":130,"sortOrder":131},2737,"13",13,{"id":133,"label":134,"sortOrder":135},2738,"14",14,{"id":137,"label":138,"sortOrder":139},2739,"15",15,{"id":141,"label":142,"sortOrder":143},2740,"16",16,{"id":145,"label":146,"sortOrder":147},2741,"17",17,{"id":149,"label":150,"sortOrder":151},2742,"18",18,{"id":153,"label":154,"sortOrder":155},2743,"19",19,{"id":157,"label":158,"sortOrder":159},2744,"20",20,{"id":161,"label":162,"sortOrder":163},2745,"21",21,{"id":165,"label":166,"sortOrder":167},2746,"22",22,{"id":169,"label":170,"sortOrder":171},2747,"23",23,{"id":173,"label":174,"sortOrder":175},2748,"24",24,{"id":177,"label":178,"sortOrder":179},2749,"25",25,{"id":181,"label":182,"sortOrder":183},2750,"26",26,{"id":185,"label":186,"sortOrder":187},2751,"27",27,{"id":189,"label":190,"sortOrder":191},2752,"28",28,{"id":193,"label":194,"sortOrder":195},2753,"29",29,{"id":197,"label":198,"sortOrder":199},2754,"30",30,{"id":201,"label":202,"sortOrder":203},2755,"31",31,{"id":205,"label":206,"sortOrder":207},2756,"32",32,{"id":209,"label":210,"sortOrder":211},2757,"33",33,{"id":213,"label":214,"sortOrder":215},2758,"34",34,{"id":217,"label":218,"sortOrder":219},2759,"35",35,{"id":221,"label":222,"sortOrder":223},2760,"36",36,{"id":225,"label":226,"sortOrder":227},2761,"37",37,{"id":229,"label":230,"sortOrder":231},2762,"38",38,{"id":233,"label":234,"sortOrder":235},2763,"39",39,{"id":237,"label":238,"sortOrder":239},2764,"40",40,{"id":241,"label":242,"sortOrder":243},2765,"41",41,{"id":245,"label":246,"sortOrder":247},2766,"42",42,{"id":249,"label":250,"sortOrder":251},2767,"43",43,{"id":253,"label":254,"sortOrder":255},2768,"44",44,{"id":257,"label":258,"sortOrder":259},2769,"45",45,{"id":261,"label":262,"sortOrder":263},2770,"46",46,{"id":265,"label":266,"sortOrder":267},2771,"47",47,{"id":269,"label":270,"sortOrder":271},2772,"48",48,{"id":273,"label":274,"sortOrder":275},2773,"49",49,{"id":277,"label":278,"sortOrder":279},2774,"50",50,{"id":281,"label":282,"sortOrder":283},2775,"51",51,{"id":285,"label":286,"sortOrder":287},2776,"52",52,{"id":289,"label":290,"sortOrder":291},2777,"53",53,{"id":293,"label":294,"sortOrder":295},2778,"54",54,{"id":297,"label":298,"sortOrder":299},2779,"55",55,{"id":301,"label":302,"sortOrder":303},2780,"56",56,{"id":305,"label":306,"sortOrder":307},2781,"57",57,{"id":309,"label":310,"sortOrder":311},2782,"58",58,{"id":313,"label":314,"sortOrder":315},2783,"59",59,{"id":317,"label":318,"sortOrder":319},2784,"60",60,{"id":321,"label":322,"sortOrder":323},2785,"61",61,{"id":325,"label":326,"sortOrder":327},2786,"62",62,{"id":329,"label":330,"sortOrder":331},2787,"63",63,{"id":333,"label":334,"sortOrder":335},2788,"64",64,{"id":337,"label":338,"sortOrder":9},2789,"65",{"id":340,"label":341,"sortOrder":342},2790,"66",66,{"id":344,"label":345,"sortOrder":346},2791,"67",67,{"id":348,"label":349,"sortOrder":350},2792,"68",68,{"id":352,"label":353,"sortOrder":354},2793,"69",69,{"id":356,"label":357,"sortOrder":358},2794,"70",70,{"id":360,"label":361,"sortOrder":362},2795,"71",71,{"id":364,"label":365,"sortOrder":366},2796,"72",72,{"id":368,"label":369,"sortOrder":370},2797,"73",73,{"id":372,"label":373,"sortOrder":374},2798,"74",74,{"id":376,"label":377,"sortOrder":378},2799,"75",75,{"id":380,"label":381,"sortOrder":382},2800,"76",76,{"id":384,"label":385,"sortOrder":386},2801,"77",77,{"id":388,"label":389,"sortOrder":390},2802,"78",78,{"id":392,"label":393,"sortOrder":394},2803,"79",79,{"id":396,"label":397,"sortOrder":398},2804,"80",80,{"id":400,"label":401,"sortOrder":402},2805,"81",81,{"id":404,"label":405,"sortOrder":406},2806,"82",82,{"id":408,"label":409,"sortOrder":410},2807,"83",83,{"id":412,"label":413,"sortOrder":414},2808,"84",84,{"id":416,"label":417,"sortOrder":418},2809,"85",85,{"id":420,"label":421,"sortOrder":422},2810,"86",86,{"id":424,"label":425,"sortOrder":426},2811,"87",87,{"id":428,"label":429,"sortOrder":430},2812,"88",88,{"id":432,"label":433,"sortOrder":434},2813,"89",89,{"id":436,"label":437,"sortOrder":438},2814,"90",90,{"id":440,"label":441,"sortOrder":442},2815,"91",91,{"id":444,"label":445,"sortOrder":446},2816,"92",92,{"id":448,"label":449,"sortOrder":450},2817,"93",93,{"id":452,"label":453,"sortOrder":454},2818,"94",94,{"id":456,"label":457,"sortOrder":458},2819,"95",95,{"id":460,"label":461,"sortOrder":462},2820,"96",96,{"id":464,"label":465,"sortOrder":466},2821,"97",97,{"id":468,"label":469,"sortOrder":470},2822,"98",98,{"id":472,"label":473,"sortOrder":474},2823,"99",99,{"id":476,"label":477,"sortOrder":478},2824,"100",100,{"id":480,"label":481,"sortOrder":482},2825,"101",101,{"id":484,"label":485,"sortOrder":486},2826,"102",102,{"id":488,"label":489,"sortOrder":490},2827,"103",103,{"id":492,"label":493,"sortOrder":494},2828,"104",104,{"id":496,"label":497,"sortOrder":498},2829,"105",105,{"id":500,"label":501,"sortOrder":502},2830,"106",106,{"id":504,"label":505,"sortOrder":506},2831,"107",107,{"id":508,"label":509,"sortOrder":510},2832,"108",108,{"id":512,"label":513,"sortOrder":514},2833,"109",109,{"id":516,"label":517,"sortOrder":518},2834,"110",110,{"id":520,"label":521,"sortOrder":522},2835,"111",111,{"id":524,"label":525,"sortOrder":526},2836,"112",112,{"id":528,"label":529,"sortOrder":530},2837,"113",113,{"id":532,"label":533,"sortOrder":534},2838,"114",114,{"id":536,"label":537,"sortOrder":538},2839,"115",115,{"id":540,"label":541,"sortOrder":542},2840,"116",116,{"id":544,"label":545,"sortOrder":546},2841,"117",117,{"id":548,"label":549,"sortOrder":550},2842,"118",118,{"id":552,"label":553,"sortOrder":554},2843,"119",119,{"id":556,"label":557,"sortOrder":558},2844,"120",120,{"id":560,"label":561,"sortOrder":562},2845,"121",121,{"id":564,"label":565,"sortOrder":566},2846,"122",122,{"id":568,"label":569,"sortOrder":570},2847,"123",123,{"id":572,"label":573,"sortOrder":574},2848,"124",124,{"id":576,"sectionId":321,"editionId":70,"sectionLabel":322,"sectionSortOrder":323,"content":577,"contentFormat":578,"notes":579,"title":582},20070,"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1.\u003C/strong> Let us cease to desire that which we have been desiring.  I, at least, am doing this: in my old age I have ceased to desire what I desired when a boy.  To this single end my days and my nights are passed; this is my task, this the object of my thoughts,—to put an end to my chronic ills.  I am endeavouring to live every day as if it were a complete life.  I do not indeed snatch it up as if it were my last; I do regard it, however, as if it might even be my last.  \u003Cstrong>2.\u003C/strong> The present letter is written to you with this in mind,—as if death were about to call me away in the very act of writing.  I am ready to depart, and I shall enjoy life just because I am not over-anxious as to the future date of my departure.\n\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Before I became old I tried to live well; now that I am old, I shall try to die well; but dying well means dying gladly.  See to it that you never do anything unwillingly. \u003Cstrong>3.\u003C/strong> That which is bound to be a necessity if you rebel, is not a necessity if you desire it.  This is what I mean: he who takes his orders gladly, escapes the bitterest part of slavery,—doing what one does not want to do.  The man who does something under orders is not unhappy; he is unhappy who does something against his will.  Let us therefore so set our minds in order that we may desire whatever is demanded of us by circumstances, and above all that we may reflect upon our end without sadness.  \u003Cstrong>4.\u003C/strong> We must make ready for death before we make ready for life.  Life is well enough furnished, but we are too greedy with regard to its furnishings; something always seems to us lacking, and will always seem lacking.  To have lived long enough depends neither upon our years nor upon our days, but upon our minds.  I have lived, my dear friend Lucilius, long enough.  I have had my fill;\u003Csup data-footnote-reference=\"1\">1\u003C/sup>  I await death.  Farewell.\n\u003C/p>","html",[580],{"id":23,"content":581},"A reminiscence of Lucretius, iii. 938 f. \u003Ci>Cur non ut plenus vitae conviva recedus Aequo animoque capis securam, stulte, quietem?\u003C/i> \u003Ci>Cf.\u003C/i> also Horace, \u003Ci>Sat.\u003C/i> i. 1. 118 f. \u003Ci>vitae Cedat uti conviva satur\u003C/i>.","On Meeting Death Cheerfully",[584,590,595,600,605,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642],{"topicId":131,"slug":585,"name":586,"score":99,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":588,"relevanceNote":589},"control-and-acceptance","What Is in Our Control","llm_1_5","That which is bound to be a necessity if you rebel, is not a necessity if you desire it.","Core theme: accepting what fate demands and recognizing that willing acceptance removes the burden of necessity.",{"topicId":23,"slug":591,"name":592,"score":99,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":593,"relevanceNote":594},"death-and-mortality","Death, Grief & Impermanence","Before I became old I tried to live well; now that I am old, I shall try to die well; but dying well means dying gladly.","Central theme: preparing for death, dying well, and facing mortality without sadness or reluctance.",{"topicId":235,"slug":596,"name":597,"score":95,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":598,"relevanceNote":599},"tranquility","Tranquility & Contentment","I am ready to depart, and I shall enjoy life just because I am not over-anxious as to the future date of my departure.","Peace of mind through acceptance of death and freedom from over-anxiety about the future.",{"topicId":147,"slug":601,"name":602,"score":95,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":603,"relevanceNote":604},"time-and-the-present","Time & the Present","I am endeavouring to live every day as if it were a complete life.","Emphasis on living each day fully as a complete life and treating the present moment with full attention.",{"topicId":215,"slug":606,"name":607,"score":95,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":608,"relevanceNote":609},"desire-and-self-control","Desire & Self-Control","Let us cease to desire that which we have been desiring.","Explicitly about ceasing desire and restraining craving; central to the passage's opening and throughout.",{"topicId":255,"slug":611,"name":612,"score":18,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":613},"practice-and-progress","Practice & Progress","Self-examination and daily practice are implied (days and nights passed on this task), but not the primary focus.",{"topicId":55,"slug":615,"name":616,"score":18,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":617},"fear-and-anxiety","Fear & Anxiety","Freedom from anxiety about the future date of departure is mentioned, but not the main focus.",{"topicId":239,"slug":619,"name":620,"score":55,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":621},"wealth-fame-and-ambition","Wealth, Fame & Ambition","Mention of life's furnishings suggests indifference to externals, but not developed as a main theme.",{"topicId":175,"slug":623,"name":624,"score":55,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":625},"judgment-and-perception","Judgment & Perception","Touches on how we regard our circumstances, but not primarily about impressions or mental assent.",{"topicId":207,"slug":627,"name":628,"score":55,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":629},"virtue-and-the-good-life","Virtue & the Good Life","Implies that virtue (dying well, living well) is the goal, but does not argue for it as the only good.",{"topicId":231,"slug":631,"name":632,"score":55,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":633},"adversity-and-hardship","Adversity & Hardship","Alludes to 'chronic ills' and hardship but does not develop this as a theme of training or character.",{"topicId":243,"slug":635,"name":636,"score":23,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":637},"duty-and-society","Duty, Friendship & Society","Not primarily about social obligations or duty to others.",{"topicId":18,"slug":639,"name":640,"score":23,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":641},"anger","Anger & Provocation","Not about anger or provocation.",{"topicId":151,"slug":643,"name":644,"score":23,"scoreScale":587,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":645},"nature-and-the-cosmos","Nature & the Cosmos","No discussion of the cosmos or divine order.",1786704324616]