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is therefore nothing great or noble in anger, even when it seems to be powerful and to contemn both gods and men alike. Anyone who thinks that anger produces greatness of mind, would think that luxury produces it: such a man wishes to rest on ivory, to be clothed with purple, and roofed with gold; to remove lands, embank seas, hasten the course of rivers, suspend woods in the air. He would think that avarice shows greatness of mind: for the avaricious man broods over heaps of gold and silver, treats whole provinces as merely fields on his estate, and has larger tracts of country under the charge of single bailiffs than those which consuls once drew lots to administer. He would think that lust shows greatness of mind: for the lustful man swims across straits, castrates troops of boys, and puts himself within reach of the swords of injured husbands with complete scorn of death. Ambition, too, he would think shows greatness of mind: for the ambitious man is not content with office once a year, but, if possible, would fill the calendar of dignities with his name alone, and cover the whole world with his titles. It matters nothing to what heights or lengths these passions may proceed: they are narrow, pitiable, grovelling. Virtue alone is lofty and sublime, nor is anything great which is not at the same time tranquil.\n\u003C/p>\n\u003Cdiv>\u003Ch2>Footnotes\u003C/h2>\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cdiv>\n\u003Cp>This work is in the \u003Cb>\u003Ca>public domain\u003C/a>\u003C/b> in the \u003Cb>United States\u003C/b> because it was published before January 1, 1931.\n\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr/>\n\u003Cp>This work may be in the \u003Cb>public domain\u003C/b> in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the \u003Cb>\u003Ca>rule of the shorter term\u003C/a>\u003C/b> to \u003Ci>foreign works\u003C/i>.\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv>\n\u003Cp>Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\n \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c5fccf66b‐qdcns\nCached time: 20260405033549\nCache expiry: 75600\nCache expiry source: Module:PD‐US (os.date(%d))\nReduced expiry: true\nComplications: [vary‐page‐id, vary‐revision‐sha1, no‐toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.086 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.164 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 750/1000000\nRevision size: 56218/2097152 bytes\nPost‐expand include size: 8169/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1064/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 9/100\nExpensive parser function count: 3/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 14056/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1530586/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/500\n\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%  143.024      1 -total\n 49.22%   70.397      1 Template:Header\n 20.70%   29.609      1 Template:PD-US\n 13.81%   19.756      4 Template:C\n  8.21%   11.746      1 Template:Dropinitial\n  5.80%    8.301      4 Template:Center/s\n  3.97%    5.680      9 Template:Optional_style\n  3.51%    5.027      1 Template:SmallTOC\n  2.80%    4.004      1 Template:Reflist\n  1.64%    2.350      1 Template:Larger\n\n Saved in parser cache with key enwikisource:pcache:1160117:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20260405033549 and revision id 11149971. Rendering was triggered because: page_view_oldid","[{\"id\": 1, \"content\": \"Here a leaf or more has been lost, including the fragment cited in Lactantius, \u003Ci>De ira dei\u003C/i>, 17 \u003Ci>Ira est cupiditas\u003C/i>, &c. The entire passage is:\\u2014\\\"But the Stoics did not perceive that there is a difference between right and wrong; that there is just and unjust anger: and as they could find no remedy for it, they wished to extirpate it. The Peripatetics, on the other hand, declared that it ought not to be destroyed, but restrained. These I have sufficiently answered in the sixth book of my \u003Ci>Institutiones.\u003C/i> It is clear that the philosophers did not comprehend the reason of anger, from the definitions of it which Seneca has enumerated in the books 'On Anger' which he has written. \\u2018Anger,\\u2019 he says, \\u2018is the desire of avenging an injury.\\u2019 Others, as Posidonius says, call it 'a desire to punish one by whom you think that you have been unjustly injured.' Some have defined it thus, 'Anger is an impulse of the mind to injure him who either has injured you or has sought to injure you.' Aristotle's definition differs but little from our own. He says, 'that anger is a desire to repay suffering,'\\\" etc.\"}, {\"id\": 2, \"content\": \"Ovid, \\\"Met.\\\" vii. 545-6.\"}, {\"id\": 3, \"content\": \"\\u03c4\\u03cc \\u1f21\\u03b3\\u03b5\\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03cc\\u03bd of the Stoics.\"}, {\"id\": 4, \"content\": \"The gospel rule, Matt, xviii. 15.\"}, {\"id\": 5, \"content\": \"\u003Ci>Divitis\u003C/i> (where there might be an army of slaves).\"}, {\"id\": 6, \"content\": \"\\\"Lorsque le Preteur devoit prononcer la sentence d'un coupable, il se depouilloit de la robe pretexte, et se rev\\u00e8toit alors d'une simple tunique, ou d'une autre robe, presque usee, et d'un blanc sale (sordida) ou d'un gris tr\\u00e8s fonc\\u00e9 tirant sur le noir (\u003Ci>toga pulla\u003C/i>), telle qu'en portoient \\u00e0 Rome le peuple et les pauvres (\u003Ci>pullaque paupertas\u003C/i>). Dans les jours solemnelles et marqu\\u00e9s par un deuil public, les Senateurs quittoient le laticlave, et les Magistrats la pretexte. La pourpre, la hache, les faisceaux, aucun de ces signes ext\\u00e9rieurs de leur dignit\\u00e9 ne les distinguoient alors des autres citoyens: \u003Ci>sine insignibus Magistratus\u003C/i>. Mais ce n'\\u00e9toit pas seulement pendant le temps ou la ville \\u00e9tait plong\\u00e9e dans le deuil et dans l'affliction, que les magistrats s'habilloient comme le peuple (\u003Ci>sordidam vestem induebant\u003C/i>); ils en usoient de m\\u00eame lorsqu'ils devoient condamner \\u00e0 mort un citoyen. C'est dans ces tristes circonstances qu'ils quittoient la pr\\u00e9texte et prenoient la robe de deuil: \u003Ci>perversam vestem\u003C/i>. (No doubt \\\"inside out.\\\"\\u2014J. E. B. M.)\u003Cbr/> \\\"On pourrait supposer avec assez de vraisemblance que par cette expression, S\\u00e9neque a voulu faire allusion \\u00e0 ce changement \\u2026\\u2026 Peut-\\u00eatre les Magistrats qui devoient juger \\u00e0 mort un citoyen, portoient ils aussi leur robe renvers\\u00e9e, ou la jettoient ils de travers ou confus\\u00e9ment sur leurs \\u00e9paules, pour mieux peindre par ce desordre le trouble de leur esprit. Si cette conjecture est vraie, comme je serais assez port\\u00e9 \\u00e0 croire, l'expression \u003Ci>perversa vestis\u003C/i>, dont S\\u00e9neque s'est servi ici, indiqueroit plus d'un simple changement d'habit,\\\" &c. (La Grange's translation of Seneca, edited by J. A. Naigeon. Paris, 1778.)\"}, {\"id\": 7, \"content\": \"\\\"Ceci fait allusion \\u00e0 une coutume que Caius Gracchus pr\\u00e9tend avoir \\u00e9t\\u00e9 pratiqu\\u00e9e de tout tems \\u00e0 Rome. 'Lorsqu'un citoyen,\\u2019\\\" dit il, \\\"avoit un proc\\u00e8s criminel qui alloit \\u00e0 la mort, s'il refusoit d'ob\\u00e9ir aux sommations qui lui \\u00e9toient faites; le jour qu'on devoit le juger, en envoyoit des le matin \\u00e0 la porte de sa maison un Officier l'appeller au son de la trompette, et jamais avant que cette c\\u00e9r\\u00e9monie e\\u00fbt \\u00e9t\\u00e9 observ\\u00e9e, les Juges ne donneroient leur voix contre lui: tant ces hommes sages,' ajoute ce hardi Tribun, 'avoient de retenue et de precaution dans leurs jugements, quand il s'agissoit de la vie d'un citoyen.'\\\"\u003Cbr/> \\\"C'\\u00e9toit de m\\u00eame au son de la trompette que l'on convoquoit le peuple, lorsqu'on devoit faire mourir un citoyen, afin qu'il f\\u00fbt t\\u00e9moin de ce triste spectacle, et que la supplice du coupable p\\u00fbt lui servir d'exemple. Tacite dit qu'un Astrologue, nomm\\u00e9 P. Marcius, f\\u00fbt ex\\u00e9cut\\u00e9, selon l'ancien usage, hors de la porte Esquiline, en presence du peuple Romain que les Consuls firent convoquer au son de la trompette. (Tac. Ann. II. 32.) L. Grom.\"}, {\"id\": 8, \"content\": \"\u003Ci>i.e.\u003C/i>, not only for counsel, but for action.\"}, {\"id\": 9, \"content\": \"\u003Ci>Prorsus parum certis\u003C/i> (\u003Ci>i.e.\u003C/i>, the thunderbolts missed their aim in not striking him dead).\"}]","json",1775663964072]