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above are the rules which my friend Demetrius bids him who\nwould make progress in philosophy to clutch with both hands, never\nto let go, but to cling to them, and make them a part of himself,\nand by daily meditation upon them to bring himself into such a\nstate of mind, that these wholesome maxims occur to him of their\nown accord, that wherever he may be, they may straightway be ready\nfor use when required, and that the criterion of right and wrong\nmay present itself to him without delay. Let him know that nothing\nis evil except what is base, and nothing good except what is\nhonourable: let him guide his life by this rule: let him both act\nand expect others to act in accordance with this law, and let him\nregard those whose minds are steeped in indolence, and who are\ngiven up to lust and gluttony, as the most pitiable of mankind, no\nmatter how splendid their fortunes may be. Let him say to himself,\n\"Pleasure is uncertain, short, apt to pall upon us, and the more\neagerly we indulge in it, the sooner we bring on a reaction of\nfeeling against it; we must necessarily afterwards blush for it, or\nbe sorry for it, there is nothing grand about it, nothing worthy of\nman's nature, little lower as it is than that of the gods; pleasure\nis a low act, brought about by the agency of our inferior and baser\nmembers, and shameful in its result. True pleasure, worthy of a\nhuman being and of a man, is, not to stuff or swell his body with\nfood and drink, nor to excite lusts which are least hurtful when\nthey are most quiet, but to be free from all forms of mental\ndisturbance, both those which arise from men's ambitious struggles\nwith one another, and those which come from on high and are more\ndifficult to deal with, which flow from our taking the traditional\nview of the gods, and estimating them by the analogy of our own\nvices.\" This equable, secure, uncloying pleasure is enjoyed by the\nman now described; a man skilled, so to say, in the laws of gods\nand men alike. Such a man enjoys the present without anxiety for\nthe future: for he who depends upon what is uncertain can rely\nconfidently upon nothing. Thus he is free from all those great\ntroubles which unhinge the mind, he neither hopes for, nor covets\nanything, and engages in no uncertain adventures, being satisfied\nwith what he has. Do not suppose that he is satisfied with a\nlittle; for everything is his, and that not in the sense in which\nall was Alexander's, who, though he reached the shore of the Red\nSea, yet wanted more territory than that through which he had come.\nHe did not even own those countries which he held or had conquered,\nwhile Onesicritus, whom he had sent on before him to discover new\ncountries, was wandering about the ocean and engaging in war in\nunknown seas. Is it clear that he who pushed his armies beyond the\nbounds of the universe, who with reckless greed dashed headlong\ninto a boundless and unexplored sea, must in reality have been full\nof wants? It matters not how many kingdoms he may have seized or\ngiven away, or how great a part of the world may pay him tribute;\nsuch a man must be in need of as much as he desires.\n\u003C/p>","html",[],1785969065740]