[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1003},["ShallowReactive",2],{"stoic-author-seneca":3,"stoic-editions-work-on-benefits":68,"stoic-sections-work-195":102,"stoic-content-547-2378":998,"stoic-section-topics-2378":1002},{"id":4,"name":5,"shortName":6,"urlSlug":7,"birthYear":8,"deathYear":9,"nationality":10,"summary":11,"moreInfoUrl":12,"works":13},208,"Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger","Seneca","seneca",-4,65,"ES","Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger",[14,19,24,28,31,35,39,43,47,51,56,60,64],{"id":15,"name":16,"urlSlug":17,"editionCount":18},195,"On Benefits","on-benefits",3,{"id":20,"name":21,"urlSlug":22,"editionCount":23},199,"On the Happy Life","on-the-happy-life",1,{"id":25,"name":26,"urlSlug":27,"editionCount":23},201,"On the Firmness of a Wise Man","on-the-firmness-of-a-wise-man",{"id":4,"name":29,"urlSlug":30,"editionCount":23},"Moral Letters to Lucilius","letters",{"id":32,"name":33,"urlSlug":34,"editionCount":23},205,"On Consolation - To Helvia","on-consolation-to-helvia",{"id":36,"name":37,"urlSlug":38,"editionCount":23},204,"On Consolation - To Marcia","on-consolation-to-marcia",{"id":40,"name":41,"urlSlug":42,"editionCount":23},206,"On Leisure","on-leisure",{"id":44,"name":45,"urlSlug":46,"editionCount":23},200,"On Peace of Mind","on-peace-of-mind",{"id":48,"name":49,"urlSlug":50,"editionCount":23},203,"On Consolation - To Polybius","on-consolation-to-polybius",{"id":52,"name":53,"urlSlug":54,"editionCount":55},202,"On the Shortness of Life","on-the-shortness-of-life",2,{"id":57,"name":58,"urlSlug":59,"editionCount":23},198,"On Clemency","on-clemency",{"id":61,"name":62,"urlSlug":63,"editionCount":23},197,"On Anger","on-anger",{"id":65,"name":66,"urlSlug":67,"editionCount":23},196,"On Providence","on-providence",[69,83,93],{"id":70,"name":71,"year":72,"language":73,"publication":74,"publicationCountry":75,"author":76,"work":82},547,"Of Benefits","1889","eng",null,"GB",{"id":77,"name":78,"shortName":79,"urlSlug":80,"deathYear":81},210,"Aubrey Stewart","Stewart","stewart",1918,{"id":15,"name":16,"urlSlug":17},{"id":84,"name":71,"year":85,"language":73,"publication":74,"publicationCountry":75,"author":86,"work":92},572,"1578",{"id":87,"name":88,"shortName":89,"urlSlug":90,"deathYear":91},213,"Arthur Golding","Golding","golding",1606,{"id":15,"name":16,"urlSlug":17},{"id":94,"name":16,"year":95,"language":73,"publication":74,"publicationCountry":75,"author":96,"work":101},573,"1569",{"id":97,"name":98,"shortName":99,"urlSlug":100,"deathYear":74},214,"Nicolas Haward","Haward","haward",{"id":15,"name":16,"urlSlug":17},[103,107,111,115,119,123,127,131,135,139,143,147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,183,187,191,195,199,203,207,211,215,219,223,227,231,235,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267,271,275,279,283,287,291,295,299,303,307,310,314,318,322,326,330,334,338,342,346,350,354,358,362,366,370,374,378,382,386,390,394,398,402,406,410,414,418,422,426,430,434,438,442,446,450,454,458,462,466,470,474,478,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530,534,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646,650,654,658,662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782,786,790,794,798,802,806,810,814,818,822,826,829,832,835,838,841,844,847,850,853,856,859,862,866,869,873,876,880,884,887,890,894,898,902,906,910,914,918,922,926,930,934,938,942,946,950,954,958,962,966,970,974,978,982,986,990,994],{"id":104,"label":105,"sortOrder":106},2179,"1.01",14,{"id":108,"label":109,"sortOrder":110},2180,"1.02",15,{"id":112,"label":113,"sortOrder":114},2181,"1.03",16,{"id":116,"label":117,"sortOrder":118},2182,"1.04",17,{"id":120,"label":121,"sortOrder":122},2183,"1.05",18,{"id":124,"label":125,"sortOrder":126},2184,"1.06",19,{"id":128,"label":129,"sortOrder":130},2185,"1.07",20,{"id":132,"label":133,"sortOrder":134},2186,"1.08",21,{"id":136,"label":137,"sortOrder":138},2187,"1.09",22,{"id":140,"label":141,"sortOrder":142},2188,"1.10",23,{"id":144,"label":145,"sortOrder":146},2189,"1.11",24,{"id":148,"label":149,"sortOrder":150},2190,"1.12",25,{"id":152,"label":153,"sortOrder":154},2191,"1.13",26,{"id":156,"label":157,"sortOrder":158},2192,"1.14",27,{"id":160,"label":161,"sortOrder":162},2193,"1.15",28,{"id":164,"label":165,"sortOrder":166},2194,"2.01",29,{"id":168,"label":169,"sortOrder":170},2195,"2.02",30,{"id":172,"label":173,"sortOrder":174},2196,"2.03",31,{"id":176,"label":177,"sortOrder":178},2197,"2.04",32,{"id":180,"label":181,"sortOrder":182},2198,"2.05",33,{"id":184,"label":185,"sortOrder":186},2199,"2.06",34,{"id":188,"label":189,"sortOrder":190},2200,"2.07",35,{"id":192,"label":193,"sortOrder":194},2201,"2.08",36,{"id":196,"label":197,"sortOrder":198},2202,"2.09",37,{"id":200,"label":201,"sortOrder":202},2203,"2.10",38,{"id":204,"label":205,"sortOrder":206},2204,"2.11",39,{"id":208,"label":209,"sortOrder":210},2205,"2.12",40,{"id":212,"label":213,"sortOrder":214},2206,"2.13",41,{"id":216,"label":217,"sortOrder":218},2207,"2.14",42,{"id":220,"label":221,"sortOrder":222},2208,"2.15",43,{"id":224,"label":225,"sortOrder":226},2209,"2.16",44,{"id":228,"label":229,"sortOrder":230},2210,"2.17",45,{"id":232,"label":233,"sortOrder":234},2211,"2.18",46,{"id":236,"label":237,"sortOrder":238},2212,"2.19",47,{"id":240,"label":241,"sortOrder":242},2213,"2.20",48,{"id":244,"label":245,"sortOrder":246},2214,"2.21",49,{"id":248,"label":249,"sortOrder":250},2215,"2.22",50,{"id":252,"label":253,"sortOrder":254},2216,"2.23",51,{"id":256,"label":257,"sortOrder":258},2217,"2.24",52,{"id":260,"label":261,"sortOrder":262},2218,"2.25",53,{"id":264,"label":265,"sortOrder":266},2219,"2.26",54,{"id":268,"label":269,"sortOrder":270},2220,"2.27",55,{"id":272,"label":273,"sortOrder":274},2221,"2.28",56,{"id":276,"label":277,"sortOrder":278},2222,"2.29",57,{"id":280,"label":281,"sortOrder":282},2223,"2.30",58,{"id":284,"label":285,"sortOrder":286},2224,"2.31",59,{"id":288,"label":289,"sortOrder":290},2225,"2.32",60,{"id":292,"label":293,"sortOrder":294},2226,"2.33",61,{"id":296,"label":297,"sortOrder":298},2227,"2.34",62,{"id":300,"label":301,"sortOrder":302},2228,"2.35",63,{"id":304,"label":305,"sortOrder":306},2229,"3.01",64,{"id":308,"label":309,"sortOrder":9},2230,"3.02",{"id":311,"label":312,"sortOrder":313},2231,"3.03",66,{"id":315,"label":316,"sortOrder":317},2232,"3.04",67,{"id":319,"label":320,"sortOrder":321},2233,"3.05",68,{"id":323,"label":324,"sortOrder":325},2234,"3.06",69,{"id":327,"label":328,"sortOrder":329},2235,"3.07",70,{"id":331,"label":332,"sortOrder":333},2236,"3.08",71,{"id":335,"label":336,"sortOrder":337},2237,"3.09",72,{"id":339,"label":340,"sortOrder":341},2238,"3.10",73,{"id":343,"label":344,"sortOrder":345},2239,"3.11",74,{"id":347,"label":348,"sortOrder":349},2240,"3.12",75,{"id":351,"label":352,"sortOrder":353},2241,"3.13",76,{"id":355,"label":356,"sortOrder":357},2242,"3.14",77,{"id":359,"label":360,"sortOrder":361},2243,"3.15",78,{"id":363,"label":364,"sortOrder":365},2244,"3.16",79,{"id":367,"label":368,"sortOrder":369},2245,"3.17",80,{"id":371,"label":372,"sortOrder":373},2246,"3.18",81,{"id":375,"label":376,"sortOrder":377},2247,"3.19",82,{"id":379,"label":380,"sortOrder":381},2248,"3.20",83,{"id":383,"label":384,"sortOrder":385},2249,"3.21",84,{"id":387,"label":388,"sortOrder":389},2250,"3.22",85,{"id":391,"label":392,"sortOrder":393},2251,"3.23",86,{"id":395,"label":396,"sortOrder":397},2252,"3.24",87,{"id":399,"label":400,"sortOrder":401},2253,"3.25",88,{"id":403,"label":404,"sortOrder":405},2254,"3.26",89,{"id":407,"label":408,"sortOrder":409},2255,"3.27",90,{"id":411,"label":412,"sortOrder":413},2256,"3.28",91,{"id":415,"label":416,"sortOrder":417},2257,"3.29",92,{"id":419,"label":420,"sortOrder":421},2258,"3.30",93,{"id":423,"label":424,"sortOrder":425},2259,"3.31",94,{"id":427,"label":428,"sortOrder":429},2260,"3.32",95,{"id":431,"label":432,"sortOrder":433},2261,"3.33",96,{"id":435,"label":436,"sortOrder":437},2262,"3.34",97,{"id":439,"label":440,"sortOrder":441},2263,"3.35",98,{"id":443,"label":444,"sortOrder":445},2264,"3.36",99,{"id":447,"label":448,"sortOrder":449},2265,"3.37",100,{"id":451,"label":452,"sortOrder":453},2266,"3.38",101,{"id":455,"label":456,"sortOrder":457},2267,"4.01",102,{"id":459,"label":460,"sortOrder":461},2268,"4.02",103,{"id":463,"label":464,"sortOrder":465},2269,"4.03",104,{"id":467,"label":468,"sortOrder":469},2270,"4.04",105,{"id":471,"label":472,"sortOrder":473},2271,"4.05",106,{"id":475,"label":476,"sortOrder":477},2272,"4.06",107,{"id":479,"label":480,"sortOrder":481},2273,"4.07",108,{"id":483,"label":484,"sortOrder":485},2274,"4.08",109,{"id":487,"label":488,"sortOrder":489},2275,"4.09",110,{"id":491,"label":492,"sortOrder":493},2276,"4.10",111,{"id":495,"label":496,"sortOrder":497},2277,"4.11",112,{"id":499,"label":500,"sortOrder":501},2278,"4.12",113,{"id":503,"label":504,"sortOrder":505},2279,"4.13",114,{"id":507,"label":508,"sortOrder":509},2280,"4.14",115,{"id":511,"label":512,"sortOrder":513},2281,"4.15",116,{"id":515,"label":516,"sortOrder":517},2282,"4.16",117,{"id":519,"label":520,"sortOrder":521},2283,"4.17",118,{"id":523,"label":524,"sortOrder":525},2284,"4.18",119,{"id":527,"label":528,"sortOrder":529},2285,"4.19",120,{"id":531,"label":532,"sortOrder":533},2286,"4.20",121,{"id":535,"label":536,"sortOrder":537},2287,"4.21",122,{"id":539,"label":540,"sortOrder":541},2288,"4.22",123,{"id":543,"label":544,"sortOrder":545},2289,"4.23",124,{"id":547,"label":548,"sortOrder":549},2290,"4.24",125,{"id":551,"label":552,"sortOrder":553},2291,"4.25",126,{"id":555,"label":556,"sortOrder":557},2292,"4.26",127,{"id":559,"label":560,"sortOrder":561},2293,"4.27",128,{"id":563,"label":564,"sortOrder":565},2294,"4.28",129,{"id":567,"label":568,"sortOrder":569},2295,"4.29",130,{"id":571,"label":572,"sortOrder":573},2296,"4.30",131,{"id":575,"label":576,"sortOrder":577},2297,"4.31",132,{"id":579,"label":580,"sortOrder":581},2298,"4.32",133,{"id":583,"label":584,"sortOrder":585},2299,"4.33",134,{"id":587,"label":588,"sortOrder":589},2300,"4.34",135,{"id":591,"label":592,"sortOrder":593},2301,"4.35",136,{"id":595,"label":596,"sortOrder":597},2302,"4.36",137,{"id":599,"label":600,"sortOrder":601},2303,"4.37",138,{"id":603,"label":604,"sortOrder":605},2304,"4.38",139,{"id":607,"label":608,"sortOrder":609},2305,"4.39",140,{"id":611,"label":612,"sortOrder":613},2306,"4.40",141,{"id":615,"label":616,"sortOrder":617},2307,"5.01",142,{"id":619,"label":620,"sortOrder":621},2308,"5.02",143,{"id":623,"label":624,"sortOrder":625},2309,"5.03",144,{"id":627,"label":628,"sortOrder":629},2310,"5.04",145,{"id":631,"label":632,"sortOrder":633},2311,"5.05",146,{"id":635,"label":636,"sortOrder":637},2312,"5.06",147,{"id":639,"label":640,"sortOrder":641},2313,"5.07",148,{"id":643,"label":644,"sortOrder":645},2314,"5.08",149,{"id":647,"label":648,"sortOrder":649},2315,"5.09",150,{"id":651,"label":652,"sortOrder":653},2316,"5.10",151,{"id":655,"label":656,"sortOrder":657},2317,"5.11",152,{"id":659,"label":660,"sortOrder":661},2318,"5.12",153,{"id":663,"label":664,"sortOrder":665},2319,"5.13",154,{"id":667,"label":668,"sortOrder":669},2320,"5.14",155,{"id":671,"label":672,"sortOrder":673},2321,"5.15",156,{"id":675,"label":676,"sortOrder":677},2322,"5.16",157,{"id":679,"label":680,"sortOrder":681},2323,"5.17",158,{"id":683,"label":684,"sortOrder":685},2324,"5.18",159,{"id":687,"label":688,"sortOrder":689},2325,"5.19",160,{"id":691,"label":692,"sortOrder":693},2326,"5.20",161,{"id":695,"label":696,"sortOrder":697},2327,"5.21",162,{"id":699,"label":700,"sortOrder":701},2328,"5.22",163,{"id":703,"label":704,"sortOrder":705},2329,"5.23",164,{"id":707,"label":708,"sortOrder":709},2330,"5.24",165,{"id":711,"label":712,"sortOrder":713},2331,"5.25",166,{"id":715,"label":716,"sortOrder":717},2332,"6.01",167,{"id":719,"label":720,"sortOrder":721},2333,"6.02",168,{"id":723,"label":724,"sortOrder":725},2334,"6.03",169,{"id":727,"label":728,"sortOrder":729},2335,"6.04",170,{"id":731,"label":732,"sortOrder":733},2336,"6.05",171,{"id":735,"label":736,"sortOrder":737},2337,"6.06",172,{"id":739,"label":740,"sortOrder":741},2338,"6.07",173,{"id":743,"label":744,"sortOrder":745},2339,"6.08",174,{"id":747,"label":748,"sortOrder":749},2340,"6.09",175,{"id":751,"label":752,"sortOrder":753},2341,"6.10",176,{"id":755,"label":756,"sortOrder":757},2342,"6.11",177,{"id":759,"label":760,"sortOrder":761},2343,"6.12",178,{"id":763,"label":764,"sortOrder":765},2344,"6.13",179,{"id":767,"label":768,"sortOrder":769},2345,"6.14",180,{"id":771,"label":772,"sortOrder":773},2346,"6.15",181,{"id":775,"label":776,"sortOrder":777},2347,"6.16",182,{"id":779,"label":780,"sortOrder":781},2348,"6.17",183,{"id":783,"label":784,"sortOrder":785},2349,"6.18",184,{"id":787,"label":788,"sortOrder":789},2350,"6.19",185,{"id":791,"label":792,"sortOrder":793},2351,"6.20",186,{"id":795,"label":796,"sortOrder":797},2352,"6.21",187,{"id":799,"label":800,"sortOrder":801},2353,"6.22",188,{"id":803,"label":804,"sortOrder":805},2354,"6.23",189,{"id":807,"label":808,"sortOrder":809},2355,"6.24",190,{"id":811,"label":812,"sortOrder":813},2356,"6.25",191,{"id":815,"label":816,"sortOrder":817},2357,"6.26",192,{"id":819,"label":820,"sortOrder":821},2358,"6.27",193,{"id":823,"label":824,"sortOrder":825},2359,"6.28",194,{"id":827,"label":828,"sortOrder":15},2360,"6.29",{"id":830,"label":831,"sortOrder":65},2361,"6.30",{"id":833,"label":834,"sortOrder":61},2362,"6.31",{"id":836,"label":837,"sortOrder":57},2363,"6.32",{"id":839,"label":840,"sortOrder":20},2364,"6.33",{"id":842,"label":843,"sortOrder":44},2365,"6.34",{"id":845,"label":846,"sortOrder":25},2366,"6.35",{"id":848,"label":849,"sortOrder":52},2367,"6.36",{"id":851,"label":852,"sortOrder":48},2368,"6.37",{"id":854,"label":855,"sortOrder":36},2369,"6.38",{"id":857,"label":858,"sortOrder":32},2370,"6.39",{"id":860,"label":861,"sortOrder":40},2371,"6.40",{"id":863,"label":864,"sortOrder":865},2372,"6.41",207,{"id":867,"label":868,"sortOrder":4},2373,"6.42",{"id":870,"label":871,"sortOrder":872},2374,"6.43",209,{"id":874,"label":875,"sortOrder":77},2375,"7.01",{"id":877,"label":878,"sortOrder":879},2376,"7.02",211,{"id":881,"label":882,"sortOrder":883},2377,"7.03",212,{"id":885,"label":886,"sortOrder":87},2378,"7.04",{"id":888,"label":889,"sortOrder":97},2379,"7.05",{"id":891,"label":892,"sortOrder":893},2380,"7.06",215,{"id":895,"label":896,"sortOrder":897},2381,"7.07",216,{"id":899,"label":900,"sortOrder":901},2382,"7.08",217,{"id":903,"label":904,"sortOrder":905},2383,"7.09",218,{"id":907,"label":908,"sortOrder":909},2384,"7.10",219,{"id":911,"label":912,"sortOrder":913},2385,"7.11",220,{"id":915,"label":916,"sortOrder":917},2386,"7.12",221,{"id":919,"label":920,"sortOrder":921},2387,"7.13",222,{"id":923,"label":924,"sortOrder":925},2388,"7.14",223,{"id":927,"label":928,"sortOrder":929},2389,"7.15",224,{"id":931,"label":932,"sortOrder":933},2390,"7.16",225,{"id":935,"label":936,"sortOrder":937},2391,"7.17",226,{"id":939,"label":940,"sortOrder":941},2392,"7.18",227,{"id":943,"label":944,"sortOrder":945},2393,"7.19",228,{"id":947,"label":948,"sortOrder":949},2394,"7.20",229,{"id":951,"label":952,"sortOrder":953},2395,"7.21",230,{"id":955,"label":956,"sortOrder":957},2396,"7.22",231,{"id":959,"label":960,"sortOrder":961},2397,"7.23",232,{"id":963,"label":964,"sortOrder":965},2398,"7.24",233,{"id":967,"label":968,"sortOrder":969},2399,"7.25",234,{"id":971,"label":972,"sortOrder":973},2400,"7.26",235,{"id":975,"label":976,"sortOrder":977},2401,"7.27",236,{"id":979,"label":980,"sortOrder":981},2402,"7.28",237,{"id":983,"label":984,"sortOrder":985},2403,"7.29",238,{"id":987,"label":988,"sortOrder":989},2404,"7.30",239,{"id":991,"label":992,"sortOrder":993},2405,"7.31",240,{"id":995,"label":996,"sortOrder":997},2406,"7.32",241,{"id":999,"sectionId":885,"editionId":70,"sectionLabel":886,"sectionSortOrder":87,"content":1000,"contentFormat":1001,"notes":74,"title":74},18193,"\u003Cp>\"This,\" say you, \"is the very thing that I wanted! I have\ncaught you! I shall be glad to see how you will extricate yourself\nfrom the toils into which you have fallen of your own accord. Tell\nme, if the wise man possesses everything, how can one give anything\nto a wise man? for even what you give him is his already. It is\nimpossible, therefore, to bestow a benefit upon a wise man, if\nwhatever is given him comes from his own store; yet you Stoics\ndeclare that it is possible to give to a wise man. I make the same\ninquiry about friends as well: for you say that friends own\neverything in common, and if so, no one can give anything to his\nfriend, for he gives what his friend owned already in common with\nhimself.\"\n\u003C/p>\u003Cp>There is nothing to prevent a thing belonging to a wise man, and\nyet being the property of its legal owner. According to law\neverything in a state belongs to the king, yet all that property\nover which the king has rights of possession is parcelled out among\nindividual owners, and each separate thing belongs to somebody: and\nso one can give the king a house, a slave, or a sum of money\nwithout being said to give him what was his already; for the king\nhas rights over all these things, while each citizen has the\nownership of them. We speak of the country of the Athenians, or of\nthe Campanians, though the inhabitants divide them amongst\nthemselves into separate estates; the whole region belongs to one\nstate or another, but each part of it belongs to its own individual\nproprietor; so that we are able to give our lands to the state,\nalthough they are reckoned as belonging to the state, because we\nand the state own them in different ways. Can there be any doubt\nthat all the private savings of a slave belong to his master as\nwell as he himself? yet he makes his master presents. The slave\ndoes not therefore possess nothing, because if his master chose he\nmight possess nothing; nor does what he gives of his own free will\ncease to be a present, because it might have been wrung from him\nagainst his will. As for how we are to prove that the wise man\npossesses all things, we shall see afterwards; for the present we\nare both agreed to regard this as true; we must gather together\nsomething to answer the question before us, which is, how any means\nremain of acting generously towards one who already possesses all\nthings? All things that a son has belong to his father, yet who\ndoes not know that in spite of this a son can make presents to his\nfather? All things belong to the gods; yet we make presents and\nbestow alms even upon the gods. What I have is not necessarily not\nmine because it belongs to you; for the same thing may belong both\nto me and to you.\n\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\"He to whom courtezans belong,\" argues our adversary, \"must be a\nprocurer: now courtezans are included in all things, therefore\ncourtezans belong to the wise man. But he to whom courtezans belong\nis a procurer; therefore the wise man is a procurer.\" Yes! by the\nsame reasoning, our opponents would forbid him to buy anything,\narguing, \"No man buys his own property. Now all things are the\nproperty of the wise man; therefore the wise man buys nothing.\" By\nthe same reasoning they object to his borrowing, because no one\npays interest for the use of his own money. They raise endless\nquibbles, although they perfectly well understand what we say.\n\u003C/p>","html",[],1785969065814]