[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":444},["ShallowReactive",2],{"stoic-topic-judgment-and-perception-llm_tag-all-relevance":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"name":6,"shortDescription":7,"intro":8,"synthesis":9,"method":10,"runId":11,"passages":12},24,"judgment-and-perception","Judgment & Perception","Impressions and assent: that it is not events that disturb us but our opinions about them, and that we can examine an impression before believing it.","People are disturbed not by things, Epictetus says, but by their opinions about things. Between an event and your distress sits a judgement - this is terrible, I have been wronged, I cannot bear it - and that judgement is yours. It can be inspected before you agree to it.\n\nThe Stoics called the raw appearance an impression, and the act of signing off on it assent. Their practice lives in the gap: notice the impression, refuse to add to it, and see what is actually there when the commentary stops.","This is the machinery underneath most of the rest of Stoicism. Anger, fear, grief and craving are all analysed as judgements, which is why the Stoics thought they could be argued with rather than merely endured. It is also the part of the tradition with the clearest modern descendant: the founders of cognitive behavioural therapy named Epictetus as a source.\n\nWhat the passages do not offer is a technique. Marcus mostly just does it, over and over, on whatever is bothering him that day - which is probably the honest form of the instruction.","llm_tag",15,[13,29,44,52,60,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143,151,159,167,175,190,198,206,214,222,230,238,246,253,261,269,277,288,296,304,312,320,328,336,344,352,360,368,376,388,396,404,412,420,428,436],{"sectionId":14,"sectionLabel":15,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":18,"relevanceNote":19,"work":20,"author":24,"readingUrl":28},1122,"42",5,"llm_1_5","For if a person thinks a true composite judgement 22 to be false, the composite judgement does not suffer, but the person who has been deceived.","Centrally about how impressions and assent work: that a false judgment harms the person deceived, not the truth itself; the core of the dichotomy between impressions and assent.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},1,"The Enchiridion","enchiridion",{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},218,"Epictetus","epictetus","/epictetus/enchiridion/42",{"sectionId":30,"sectionLabel":31,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":32,"relevanceNote":33,"work":34,"author":38,"readingUrl":43},900,"8.49","Do not say more to yourself than the first impressions report.","The passage explicitly teaches the core Stoic doctrine that we should examine impressions carefully and not add our own judgments to them before assenting.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},2,"The Meditations","meditations",{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},217,"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus","Marcus Aurelius","aurelius","/aurelius/meditations/8.49",{"sectionId":45,"sectionLabel":46,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":47,"relevanceNote":48,"work":49,"author":50,"readingUrl":51},1085,"5","It is not the things themselves that disturb men, but their judgements about these things.","Central claim: it is judgements about things, not the things themselves, that disturb us; core doctrine on how the mind assents to impressions.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/5",{"sectionId":53,"sectionLabel":54,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":55,"relevanceNote":56,"work":57,"author":58,"readingUrl":59},604,"2.15","'Everything is what you judge it to be.' While the retort made to the Cynic philosopher Monimus is plain enough, plain too is the use of the saying, if one only take the gist of it, so far as it is true.","The passage directly quotes and discusses how judgment determines what things are—explicitly about impressions and assent.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/2.15",{"sectionId":61,"sectionLabel":62,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":63,"relevanceNote":64,"work":65,"author":69,"readingUrl":70},2906,"2.26","But every rational soul is by nature offended at contradiction, and so long as it does not understand this contradiction, it is not hindered from doing contradictory things: but when it does understand the contradiction, it must of necessity avoid the contradiction and avoid it as much as a man must dissent from the false when he sees that a thing is false; but so long as this falsehood does not appear to him, he assents to it as to truth.","The passage is centrally about how the rational mind perceives and assents to impressions, and how understanding contradiction necessarily leads to avoiding it.",{"id":66,"name":67,"urlSlug":68},209,"Discourses","discourses",{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/discourses/2.26",{"sectionId":72,"sectionLabel":73,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":74,"relevanceNote":75,"work":76,"author":77,"readingUrl":78},1098,"18","When a raven croaks inauspiciously, let not the external impression carry you away, but straightway draw a distinction in your own mind, and say, \"None of these portents are for me, but either for my paltry body, or my paltry estate, or my paltry opinion, or my children, or my wife.","Explicitly instructs to examine the impression (raven's croak) and distinguish it from our assent, drawing a distinction in the mind before judgment.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/18",{"sectionId":80,"sectionLabel":81,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":82,"relevanceNote":83,"work":84,"author":85,"readingUrl":86},1017,"11.16","This power is in a man's soul, if he is indifferent to what is indifferent; and he will be so, if he regard every one of these indifferent objects as a whole and in its parts, remembering that none of them creates in us a conception about itself nor even comes to us, but they are motionless, and it is we who create judgements about them and so to speak inscribe them on ourselves; and yet we need not inscribe them and, if we do so unconsciously, we can wipe them off again at once.","Explicitly addresses how impressions work: external things don't create conceptions in us, but we create judgments about them and inscribe them on ourselves.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/11.16",{"sectionId":88,"sectionLabel":89,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":90,"relevanceNote":91,"work":92,"author":93,"readingUrl":94},618,"3.09","Reverence your faculty of judgement.","The passage is explicitly and centrally about the faculty of judgement itself, its proper function, and alignment with Nature.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/3.09",{"sectionId":96,"sectionLabel":97,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":98,"relevanceNote":99,"work":100,"author":101,"readingUrl":102},1061,"12.17","Let your impulse be to see always and entirely what precisely it is which is creating an impression in your imagination, and to open it up by dividing it into cause, matter, relation, and into the period within which it will be bound to have ceased.","explicitly teaches the examination of impressions and assent, the core practice of judgment",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/12.17",{"sectionId":104,"sectionLabel":105,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":106,"relevanceNote":107,"work":108,"author":109,"readingUrl":110},2905,"2.25","The answer was “Yes.” Then I must use a demonstrative form of speech.⁠—This was granted.⁠—How then will you know if I am cheating you by my argument?","Centrally about how we know and judge claims: whether logic allows us to detect fraud and validate our reasoning.",{"id":66,"name":67,"urlSlug":68},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/discourses/2.25",{"sectionId":112,"sectionLabel":113,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":114,"relevanceNote":115,"work":116,"author":117,"readingUrl":118},1083,"3","With everything which entertains you, is useful, or of which you are fond, remember to say to yourself, beginning with the very least things, \"What is its nature?\" If you are fond of a jug, say, \"I am fond of a jug\"; for when it is broken you will not be disturbed.","The core teaching is about examining impressions and assenting to true judgments—recognizing the nature of what we love to avoid false opinions that disturb us.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/3",{"sectionId":120,"sectionLabel":121,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":122,"relevanceNote":123,"work":124,"author":125,"readingUrl":126},730,"6.13","Surely these are excellent imaginations, going to the heart of actual facts and penetrating them so as to see the kind of things they really are.","Central to passage: examining impressions, seeing through plausible appearances to actual facts, stripping away illusions.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/6.13",{"sectionId":128,"sectionLabel":129,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":130,"relevanceNote":131,"work":132,"author":133,"readingUrl":134},1052,"12.08","Consider the causes of reality stripped of their covering; the relations of your actions; the nature of pain, pleasure, death, fame; who is not the author of his own unrest; how none is hindered by his neighbour; that all things are what we judge them to be.","The passage explicitly states that 'all things are what we judge them to be,' the fundamental principle of impressions and assent.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/12.08",{"sectionId":136,"sectionLabel":137,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":138,"relevanceNote":139,"work":140,"author":141,"readingUrl":142},908,"8.57","The pouring and diffusion of the understanding then should be similar, in no way a pouring out, but an extension, and it should not rest forcibly or violently on obstacles that meet it nor yet fall down, but stand still and illuminate the object that receives it; for that which does not reflect it will rob itself of the light.","Centrally about how understanding receives and processes impressions without force or distortion, illuminating objects of perception.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/8.57",{"sectionId":144,"sectionLabel":145,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":146,"relevanceNote":147,"work":148,"author":149,"readingUrl":150},769,"6.52","It is possible to entertain no thought about this, and not to be troubled in spirit; for things of themselves are not so constituted as to create our judgements upon them.","Directly addresses how impressions do not determine our judgements; we retain the power to assent or not, and things themselves do not create our opinions about them.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/6.52",{"sectionId":152,"sectionLabel":153,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":154,"relevanceNote":155,"work":156,"author":157,"readingUrl":158},838,"7.62","Constantly stop and consider the manner of men these are whose testimony you desire to gain, and their ruling principles; for, if you look into the sources of their judgement and impulse, you will not blame those who stumble involuntarily nor will you invite their testimony to yourself.","Directly about examining the sources of others' judgment and impulse before assenting to their testimony.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/7.62",{"sectionId":160,"sectionLabel":161,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":162,"relevanceNote":163,"work":164,"author":165,"readingUrl":166},707,"5.26","But when they are diffused into the understanding by dint of that other sympathy, as needs must be in a united system, then you must not try to resist the sensation, which is natural, yet the governing part must not of itself add to the affection the judgement that it is either good or bad.","The passage is centrally about impressions and assent—that we receive sensations but must examine them before adding judgment of good or bad, a core Stoic doctrine.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/5.26",{"sectionId":168,"sectionLabel":169,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":170,"relevanceNote":171,"work":172,"author":173,"readingUrl":174},1054,"12.10","See facts as they really are, distinguishing their matter, cause, relation.","Directly about examining impressions carefully and perceiving things as they truly are, central to Stoic epistemology.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/12.10",{"sectionId":176,"sectionLabel":177,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":178,"relevanceNote":179,"work":180,"author":184,"readingUrl":189},2457,"2.24","Let us believe nothing unless it forces itself upon our sight and is unmistakable, and let us reprove ourselves for being too ready to believe, as often as our suspicions prove to be groundless: for this discipline will render us habitually slow to believe what we hear.","The passage is fundamentally about how we form judgments and beliefs from impressions, and how to discipline our assent to avoid hasty belief in what we hear.",{"id":181,"name":182,"urlSlug":183},197,"On Anger","on-anger",{"id":185,"name":186,"shortName":187,"urlSlug":188},208,"Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger","Seneca","seneca","/seneca/on-anger/2.24",{"sectionId":191,"sectionLabel":192,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":193,"relevanceNote":194,"work":195,"author":196,"readingUrl":197},931,"9.15","The governing self.","Directly argues that it is our governing self, not external things, that judges and reports about them—central to the Stoic doctrine of impressions and assent.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/9.15",{"sectionId":199,"sectionLabel":200,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":201,"relevanceNote":202,"work":203,"author":204,"readingUrl":205},774,"6.57","Honey appears bitter to the jaundiced, water is dreaded by those bitten by a mad dog, and to little boys a ball seems a fine thing.","Centrally about how impressions and perceptions are shaped by internal states (jaundice, poison, age), not by objective reality.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/6.57",{"sectionId":207,"sectionLabel":208,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":209,"relevanceNote":210,"work":211,"author":212,"readingUrl":213},639,"4.11","Don't regard things in the light in which he who does the wrong judges them, nor as he wishes you to judge them: but see them as in truth they are.","Directly about how to examine impressions and judge things truly rather than accepting a wrongdoer's perspective",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/4.11",{"sectionId":215,"sectionLabel":216,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":217,"relevanceNote":218,"work":219,"author":220,"readingUrl":221},902,"8.51","As if a man should stand by a sweet and crystal spring of water and curse it, but it never ceases bubbling up in water fresh to drink, and if he throw in mud or dung, it will quickly break it up and wash it away and will in no way be discoloured.","The fountain metaphor illustrates how the mind, like pure water, remains undisturbed by external filth if it does not assent to being sullied by them.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/8.51",{"sectionId":223,"sectionLabel":224,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":225,"relevanceNote":226,"work":227,"author":228,"readingUrl":229},1125,"45","For until you have decided what judgement prompts him, how do you know that what he is doing is bad?","Centrally about examining impressions before assent—not judging an action bad until understanding the underlying judgment that prompts it.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/45",{"sectionId":231,"sectionLabel":232,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":233,"relevanceNote":234,"work":235,"author":236,"readingUrl":237},790,"7.14","Let what will from outside happen to what can be affected by this happening, for the parts which are affected shall, if they please, find fault; whereas I myself, unless I conceive the accident to be evil, am not yet harmed; and it is in my power not to conceive it to be evil.","Explicitly about how impressions and assent work: it is the conception, not the event itself, that harms us.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/7.14",{"sectionId":239,"sectionLabel":240,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":241,"relevanceNote":242,"work":243,"author":244,"readingUrl":245},929,"9.13","To-day I escaped all circumstance, or rather I cast out all circumstance, for it was not outside me, but within, in my judgements.","Passage directly claims that circumstance is not external but exists within our judgements, illustrating how impressions and our assent to them shape our experience.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/9.13",{"sectionId":247,"sectionLabel":248,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":98,"relevanceNote":249,"work":250,"author":251,"readingUrl":252},1062,"12.18","Sentence 1 directly addresses how to examine impressions carefully before assenting, analyzing them into their components—the core Stoic epistemology.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/12.18",{"sectionId":254,"sectionLabel":255,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":256,"relevanceNote":257,"work":258,"author":259,"readingUrl":260},635,"4.07","Get rid of the judgement; you are rid of the 'I am hurt'; get rid of the 'I am hurt', you are rid of the hurt itself.","Passage explicitly teaches that eliminating judgement removes suffering - the core Stoic doctrine that impressions (not events) disturb us.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/4.07",{"sectionId":262,"sectionLabel":263,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":264,"relevanceNote":265,"work":266,"author":267,"readingUrl":268},1100,"20","Therefore, when someone irritates you, be assured that it is your own opinion which has irritated you.","Directly addresses how impressions work and how our assent to them (our opinion) causes disturbance, not the external event itself.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/20",{"sectionId":270,"sectionLabel":271,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":272,"relevanceNote":273,"work":274,"author":275,"readingUrl":276},1096,"16","When you see someone weeping in sorrow, either because a child has gone on a journey, or because he has lost his property, beware that you be not carried away by the impression that the man is in the midst of external ills, but straightway keep before you this thought: \"It is not what has happened that distresses this man (for it does not distress another), but his judgement about it.\" Do not, however, hesitate to sympathize with him so far as words go, and, if occasion offers, even to groan with him; but be careful not to groan also in the centre of your being.","Directly teaches the core Stoic doctrine that it is judgement about events, not events themselves, that disturbs us.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/16",{"sectionId":278,"sectionLabel":279,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":280,"relevanceNote":281,"work":282,"author":286,"readingUrl":287},2551,"VI","The happy man, therefore, is he who can make a right judgment in all things: he is happy who in his present circumstances, whatever they may be, is satisfied and on friendly terms with the conditions of his life.","The passage emphasizes that happiness depends on making right judgment about all things, not external circumstances.",{"id":283,"name":284,"urlSlug":285},199,"On the Happy Life","on-the-happy-life",{"id":185,"name":186,"shortName":187,"urlSlug":188},"/seneca/on-the-happy-life/VI",{"sectionId":289,"sectionLabel":290,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":291,"relevanceNote":292,"work":293,"author":294,"readingUrl":295},864,"8.13","Continually and, if possible, on the occasion of every imagination, test it by natural science, by psychology, by logic.","Directly about testing impressions before assent through rational examination.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/8.13",{"sectionId":297,"sectionLabel":298,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":299,"relevanceNote":300,"work":301,"author":302,"readingUrl":303},806,"7.30","Direct your thought to what is being said.","The passage is centrally about directing thought and mind to attend carefully to impressions and what is being said—the core of examining impressions before assent.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/7.30",{"sectionId":305,"sectionLabel":306,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":307,"relevanceNote":308,"work":309,"author":310,"readingUrl":311},685,"5.06","A third is in a sense not even conscious of what he has done, but he is like a vine which has borne grapes, and asks nothing more when once it has borne its appropriate fruit.","The central theme is whether we should be aware of or take credit for our good acts; the three kinds of men differ precisely in their self-perception and judgment.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/5.06",{"sectionId":313,"sectionLabel":314,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":315,"relevanceNote":316,"work":317,"author":318,"readingUrl":319},1013,"11.12","The sphere of the soul is true to its own form, when it is neither extended in any way nor contracted inwards; when it is neither scattered nor dies down, but is lighted by the light whereby it sees the truth of all things and the truth within itself.","Central focus on the soul's capacity to see truth and perceive clearly through proper illumination",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/11.12",{"sectionId":321,"sectionLabel":322,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":323,"relevanceNote":324,"work":325,"author":326,"readingUrl":327},1069,"12.25","Cast out the judgement; you are saved.","Explicitly concerns judgments and our ability to examine and cast them out before assenting to them.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/12.25",{"sectionId":329,"sectionLabel":330,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":331,"relevanceNote":332,"work":333,"author":334,"readingUrl":335},2855,"1.5","Now there are two kinds of hardening, one of the understanding, the other of the sense of shame, when a man is resolved not to assent to what is manifest nor to desist from contradictions.","Passage is centrally about assent to manifest truths, hardening of the understanding, apprehension, perception, and examination of appearances—the core of how the mind judges impressions.",{"id":66,"name":67,"urlSlug":68},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/discourses/1.5",{"sectionId":337,"sectionLabel":338,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":339,"relevanceNote":340,"work":341,"author":342,"readingUrl":343},748,"6.31","Perceive that they were dreams which troubled you, and once again fully awake, look at these things as you looked at those.","Directly about examining impressions and distinguishing them as dreams, not taking them as reality until properly assessed.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/6.31",{"sectionId":345,"sectionLabel":346,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":347,"relevanceNote":348,"work":349,"author":350,"readingUrl":351},2883,"2.3","We ought then in life also to have some skill as in the case of silver coin that a man may be able to say like the judge of silver, “Bring me any drachma and I will test it.” But in the case of syllogisms, I would say: Bring any man that you please, and I will distinguish for you the man who knows how to resolve syllogisms and the man who does not.","Explicitly about the skill of judgment and discernment: distinguishing good from bad, true from false, requiring experience and knowledge to assess impressions and claims correctly.",{"id":66,"name":67,"urlSlug":68},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/discourses/2.3",{"sectionId":353,"sectionLabel":354,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":355,"relevanceNote":356,"work":357,"author":358,"readingUrl":359},2504,"3.35","You have ears, not merely that you may listen to musical sounds, softly and sweetly drawn out and harmonized: you ought to hear laughter and weeping, coaxing and quarrelling, joy and sorrow, the human voice and the roaring and barking of animals.","Centrally about how we receive and judge impressions through our senses, and whether we assent to disturbance or remain undisturbed by them.",{"id":181,"name":182,"urlSlug":183},{"id":185,"name":186,"shortName":187,"urlSlug":188},"/seneca/on-anger/3.35",{"sectionId":361,"sectionLabel":362,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":363,"relevanceNote":364,"work":365,"author":366,"readingUrl":367},1066,"12.22","All things are what we judge them to be, and that rests with you.","Core passage about judgment: things are what we judge them to be, and we control our assent to impressions.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/12.22",{"sectionId":369,"sectionLabel":370,"score":16,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":371,"relevanceNote":372,"work":373,"author":374,"readingUrl":375},624,"3.15","This depends not on the bodily eye but on another kind of vision.","Explicitly about how the mind grasps truth through a different kind of vision beyond bodily sight; the core of the passage.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/3.15",{"sectionId":377,"sectionLabel":378,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":380,"relevanceNote":381,"work":382,"author":386,"readingUrl":387},2229,"3.01",4,"I cannot deny that some do this out of sheer badness of nature; but more do so because lapse of time destroys their remembrance, for time gradually effaces what they felt vividly at the moment.","The passage explores how memory and perception of benefits fade over time, causing forgetfulness to lead to ingratitude.",{"id":383,"name":384,"urlSlug":385},195,"On Benefits","on-benefits",{"id":185,"name":186,"shortName":187,"urlSlug":188},"/seneca/on-benefits/3.01",{"sectionId":389,"sectionLabel":390,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":391,"relevanceNote":392,"work":393,"author":394,"readingUrl":395},995,"10.33","Put before your eyes this ease with which reason will prove to be carried through all things (as fire moves upwards, a stone down, a roller on a slope) and ask for nothing more, for the remaining obstacles are either of the lifeless body or else do not overwhelm it or do any harm at all without the judgement and the consent of reason itself.","Emphasizes that remaining obstacles cannot harm without the judgment and consent of reason itself—directly about how impressions and assent determine what harms us.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/10.33",{"sectionId":397,"sectionLabel":398,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":399,"relevanceNote":400,"work":401,"author":402,"readingUrl":403},941,"9.25","Penetrate to the individuality of the cause and separating it from the matter, look into it; next isolate the time which at longest this individuality can by its nature subsist.","The passage directly addresses how to examine and analyze impressions by penetrating to their nature and isolating key components, which is central to the Stoic method of assenting to impressions.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/9.25",{"sectionId":405,"sectionLabel":406,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":407,"relevanceNote":408,"work":409,"author":410,"readingUrl":411},2455,"2.22","Let not our ears be easily lent to calumnious talk: let us know and be on our guard against this fault of human nature, that we are willing to believe what we are unwilling to listen to, and that we become angry before we have formed our opinion.","The passage emphasizes how impressions and assent shape our emotional response—we become angry before forming proper judgment, based on false appearances.",{"id":181,"name":182,"urlSlug":183},{"id":185,"name":186,"shortName":187,"urlSlug":188},"/seneca/on-anger/2.22",{"sectionId":413,"sectionLabel":414,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":415,"relevanceNote":416,"work":417,"author":418,"readingUrl":419},2397,"7.23","Exaggeration never hopes all its daring flights to be believed, but affirms what is incredible, that thereby it may convey what is credible.","The passage centrally concerns how impressions and claims are received and assessed by the mind—exaggeration as a rhetorical method to convey truth through credibility judgments.",{"id":383,"name":384,"urlSlug":385},{"id":185,"name":186,"shortName":187,"urlSlug":188},"/seneca/on-benefits/7.23",{"sectionId":421,"sectionLabel":422,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":423,"relevanceNote":424,"work":425,"author":426,"readingUrl":427},1081,"1","Make it, therefore, your study at the very outset to say to every harsh external impression, \"You are an external impression and not at all what you appear to be.\" After that examine it and test it by these rules which you have, the first and most important of which is this: Whether the impression has to do with the things which are under our control, or with those which are not under our control; and, if it has to do with some one of the things not under our control, have ready to hand the answer, \"It is nothing to me.\"","The passage explicitly teaches examining impressions and testing them by rational rules before assenting to them, distinguishing appearance from reality.",{"id":21,"name":22,"urlSlug":23},{"id":25,"name":26,"shortName":26,"urlSlug":27},"/epictetus/enchiridion/1",{"sectionId":429,"sectionLabel":430,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":431,"relevanceNote":432,"work":433,"author":434,"readingUrl":435},681,"5.02","How simple to reject and to wipe away every disturbing or alien imagination, and straightway to be in perfect calm.","Directly addresses impressions (imaginations) and choosing to reject them before assenting",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/5.02",{"sectionId":437,"sectionLabel":438,"score":379,"scoreScale":17,"pullQuote":439,"relevanceNote":440,"work":441,"author":442,"readingUrl":443},880,"8.29","Wipe out impressions by continually saying to yourself: it is in my power now not to allow any wickedness to be in this soul of mine, any appetite or disturbance at all, but seeing what is the character of them all I employ each according to its worth.","Emphasizes examining impressions ('seeing what is the character of them all') and assenting to them discriminately before acting.",{"id":35,"name":36,"urlSlug":37},{"id":39,"name":40,"shortName":41,"urlSlug":42},"/aurelius/meditations/8.29",1785969084093]