Gaius Musonius Rufus

Gaius Musonius Rufus (c. 30–100 CE) was a Roman Stoic philosopher and teacher, sometimes called "the Roman Socrates." His lectures, preserved in summaries by his students, cover a remarkably broad range of ethical topics — from the purpose of philosophical education to the equal capacity of women for virtue. Musonius insisted that philosophy is not an intellectual exercise but a guide for how to live, and his teachings had a lasting influence on later Stoics including Epictetus.