← All topics

What Is in Our Control

Epictetus opens his handbook by cutting the world in two. Some things are up to us - our judgements, our intentions, what we go after and what we avoid - and everything else is not: the body, reputation, office, other people, how any of it turns out. Almost all Stoic advice is an application of that one division. The passages below work it from both ends. Some press the diagnosis, that we suffer by staking ourselves on things that were never ours to hold. Others take the other side of the bargain, arguing that whatever the universe hands you is to be met without complaint, because it comes from the same order that produced you.

50 passages

"For this is your business, to play admirably the rôle assigned you; but the selection of that rôle is Another's."

— Epictetus, The Enchiridion 17

"If you wish to make progress, dismiss all reasoning of this sort: "If I neglect my affairs, I shall have nothing to live on." "If I do not punish my slave-boy he will turn out bad." For it is better to die of hunger, but in a state of freedom from grief and fear, than to live in plenty, but troubled in mind."

— Epictetus, The Enchiridion 12

"Do not seek to have everything that happens happen as you wish, but wish for everything to happen as it actually does happen, and your life will be serene."

— Epictetus, The Enchiridion 8

"Mind and reason are able to move through any thing that opposes, as their nature and their will prescribe."

— Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations 10.33

"To Nature, who bestows all things and takes them away, the man who has learnt his lesson and respects himself says: 'Give what is thy good pleasure, take back what is thy good pleasure'; and this he says not boasting himself but only listening to her voice and being of one mind with her."

— Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations 10.14

"1 Whoever thinks any other thing to be good except those things which depend on the will, let him envy, let him desire, let him flatter, let him be perturbed; whoever considers anything else to be evil, let him grieve, let him lament, let him weep, let him be unhappy."

— Epictetus, Discourses 3.11

"Pass through what is left of life as one who has committed all that is yours, with your whole heart, to the gods, and of men making yourself neither despot nor servant to any."

— Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations 4.31

"Nature has designed the ending of each thing, no less than its beginning and its continuance, like one who throws a ball up."

— Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations 8.20

"For a man could lose neither past nor future; how can one rob him of what he has not got?"

— Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations 2.14

"But I will see to it that I may not be found doing or saying anything that deserves to be despised."

— Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations 11.13

In summary

The obvious objection is that this is quietism dressed up as wisdom, and the authors themselves are the answer to it. Marcus was the most powerful man alive and Epictetus had been someone's property; neither concluded that nothing was worth doing. The dichotomy is about where you locate your stake, not whether you act. You give the effort fully and let the outcome be what it is. Worth noticing how much of this topic is Marcus. He returns to the same distinction hundreds of times across the Meditations, which tells you something about the idea: it is not one you grasp and keep. It has to be reapplied every time something goes wrong.